Mathematical Gettier Questions

Explore incorrect methods that can sometimes give correct answers, through simplifying fractions, rounding, double angle formulae and second derivatives.

In 1963, the philosopher Edmund Gettier gave examples of cases where flawed reasoning can, nevertheless, end up arriving at the correct conclusion (a challenge to a common definition of knowledge). These have since become known as Gettier cases.

Mathematical Gettier Questions are tasks relying on a similar idea - incorrect methods that can, nevertheless, sometimes give correct answers. This has a couple of key benefits:

  • explicitly exploring a common misconception or incorrect method
  • opportunities for nice mathematical reasoning to understand what makes those methods wrong, and why they can sometimes give correct results.

See some examples below.

Simplifying Fractions

Ellie’s incorrect digit-cancelling method for simplifying fractions, with questions exploring when it gives correct answers.

Sort twelve fractions according to whether Ellie’s digit-cancelling method does not work, partially works or fully works.

Rounding

Sal rounds 12.5761 in stages to one decimal place, with questions exploring when repeated rounding gives a wrong answer.

Double Angle Formulae

Ramona incorrectly doubles the cosine of an angle to find the cosine of twice the angle, with questions exploring when her method could work.

Second Derivative

Oona incorrectly squares the first derivative to find the second derivative, with questions exploring why her method is wrong and which functions make it work.